This topic is more of just a general fascination in the various environment that naturally happen in Iceland. I found out about the variety of these places from research a trip to Iceland as these places are one of the main tourism attractions throughout the country.
Jokulsarlon Lagoon:
When meltwater runs under or through a glacier, melting the ice and leaving behind a cavern or passageways within the glacier. this environment creates a really nice type of lighting due to the thin ice and sunlight coming through.
VATNAJÖKULL:
The dynamic interaction of ice and fire over time has been the single most important factor in shaping the nature of the Park, creating an extraordinary variety of landscape features whose origin is in the combined forces of volcanic and geothermal activity, rivers and glacial ice.
Seljalandsfoss:
The waterfall is formed by the Seljalands River, which originates in Eyjafjallajökull Glacier Volcano. Filled with glacier meltwater, the river rushes south and cascades down the high rugged wall of the cliff. Seljalandsfoss once flowed all the way down to the Atlantic Ocean.
Reynisfjara beach:
Basalt is a volcanic rock formed from the superheated magma that emerges as lava during an eruption. The iron and magnesium-rich basalt lava cools and contracts very quickly once exposed to the surface air and hardens as it solidifies.
Why is the sand black? Iceland is a country full of volcanic activity, and this is the reason behind the black sand. The black sediment on Reynisfjara beach has been formed by boiling hot lava, from the currently dormant volcano, floating across the beach, then cooling and solidifying when hitting the cold water.
Also fragments of broken off glaciers wash up on the shore so it gives a sharp crystal white contrast to the black sand.
I find all of this fascinating as it just seems so drastically different to the 'normal' beaches and environments you're used to when it comes to beaches.
Great Geysir:
A geyser eruption is triggered when the superheated water fills the geyser's plumbing system and the geyser begins to act like a pressure cooker.
Due to the high rate of volcanic activity in Iceland, it is home to some famous geysers in the world. There are around 20–29 active geysers in the country as well as numerous formerly active geysers.